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以太坊credentials

發布時間:2024-09-25 18:01:07

『壹』 ETH轉賬的2種方式的對比

web3j支持使用以太坊錢包文件(推薦)和乙太網客戶端管理命令來發起一筆交易。當你創建了一個擁有以太幣的賬戶後,你可以通過以下兩種交易機制,和以太坊網路(私網/公網)交易:

這里主要講一下 線下簽名交易(Offline transaction signing) 。線下簽名交易允許你使用web3j提供的錢包賬戶發起交易,你完全控制自己的私鑰,交易發送到網路上的其它節點並廣播。

線下簽名交易使用 RawTransaction 對象來完成,一共有如下幾步:

1、通過私鑰或密碼+錢包文件(keystore)來載入轉賬憑證Credentials
2、獲取發起轉賬賬戶的nonce 值,也就是第幾筆交易
3、創建 RawTransaction交易 對象
4、簽名 RawTransaction 對象,也就是對交易做簽名
5、發送交易( RawTransaction 對象)給節點處理。
6、獲取交易哈希值TxHash

以太坊實戰-再談nonce使用陷阱: https://blog.csdn.net/wo541075754/article/details/79054937

此外,還有一種簡單的轉賬方式

這種方式,不需要自己管理nonce。

這2種方式都是離線交易,先組裝交易,然後發送到鏈上。

參考:
https://docs.web3j.io/getting_started.html#transactions
https://www.jianshu.com/p/6650d2a3aea9

『貳』 【ETH錢包開發03】web3j轉賬ETH

在之前的文章中,講解了創建、導出、導入錢包。
【ETH錢包開發01】創建、導出錢包
【ETH錢包開發02】導入錢包

本文主要講解以太坊轉賬相關的一些知識。交易分為ETH轉賬和ERC-20 Token轉賬,本篇先講一下ETH轉賬。

1、解鎖賬戶發起交易。錢包keyStore文件保存在geth節點上,用戶發起交易需要解鎖賬戶,適用於中心化的交易所。

2、錢包文件離線簽名發起交易。錢包keyStore文件保存在本地,用戶使用密碼+keystore的方式做離線交易簽名來發起交易,適用於dapp,比如錢包。

本文主要講一下第二種方式,也就是錢包離線簽名轉賬的方式。

交易流程
1、通過keystore載入轉賬所需的憑證Credentials
2、創建一筆交易RawTransaction
3、使用Credentials對象對交易簽名
4、發起交易

注意以下幾點:

1、Credentials
這里,我是通過獲取私鑰的方式來載入 Credentials

還有另外一種方式,通過密碼+錢包文件keystore方式來載入 Credentials

2、nonce

nonce是指發起交易的賬戶下的交易筆數,每一個賬戶nonce都是從0開始,當nonce為0的交易處理完之後,才會處理nonce為1的交易,並依次加1的交易才會被處理。

可以通過 eth_gettransactioncount 獲取nonce

3、gasPrice和gasLimit
交易手續費由gasPrice 和gasLimit來決定,實際花費的交易手續費是 gasUsed * gasPrice 。所有這兩個值你可以自定義,也可以使用系統參數獲取當前兩個值

關於 gas ,你可以參考我之前的一篇文章。
以太坊(ETH)GAS詳解

gasPrice和gasLimit影響的是轉賬的速度,如果gas過低,礦工會最後才打包你的交易。在app中,通常給定一個默認值,並且允許用戶自己選擇手續費。

如果不需要自定義的話,還有一種方式來獲取。獲取以太坊網路最新一筆交易的 gasPrice ,轉賬的話, gasLimit 一般設置為21000就可以了。

Web3j還提供另外一種簡單的方式來轉賬以太幣,這種方式的好處是不需要管理nonce,不需要設置gasPrice和gasLimit,會自動獲取最新一筆交易的gasPrice,gasLimit 為21000(轉賬一般設置成這個值就夠用了)。

這個問題,我想是很多朋友所關心的吧。但是到目前為止,我還沒有看到有講解這方面的博客。

之前問過一些朋友,他們說可以通過區塊號、區塊哈希來判斷,也可以通過Receipt日誌來判斷。但是經過我的一番嘗試,只有 BlockHash 是可行的,在web3j中根據 blocknumber 和 transactionReceipt 都會報空指針異常。

原因大致是這樣的:在發起一筆交易之後,會返回 txHash ,然後我們可以根據這個 txHash 去查詢這筆交易相關的信息。但是剛發起交易的時候,由於手續費問題或者乙太網絡擁堵問題,會導致你的這筆交易還沒有被礦工打包進區塊,因此一開始是查不到的,通常需要幾十秒甚至更長的時間才能獲取到結果。我目前的解決方案是輪詢的去刷 BlockHash ,一開始的時候 BlockHash 的值為0x00000000000,等到打包成功的時候就不再是0了。

這里我使用的是rxjava的方式去輪詢刷的,5s刷新一次。

正常情況下,幾十秒內就可以獲取到區塊信息了。

區塊確認數=當前區塊高度-交易被打包時的區塊高度。

『叄』 什麼是ETB

Economic International Technology簡稱ETB,中文名全球比特聯盟, 為解決現在區塊鏈技術所遇到的問題,2017年五月中旬由全球最大比特幣礦工聯盟發起成立ETB項目組,歷時半年時間ETB通過最頂尖加密技術在繼承比特幣優良特性的基礎上對現存問題進行革新,ETB加密貨幣總發行量2100萬枚,ETB區塊使用現在的線性演算法進行挖礦動作,而是使用仿生的房產網路算力繼承模式,形成一個虛擬貨幣房產網路,我們把每一個賬戶認定為一個ETB,把每一個支付結算應用利用房產末梢的模擬完成最終的支付即時完成。

偉大科技讓原本復雜的世界變得簡單了。久遠的不必贅述,僅數十年來,計算機、互聯網、智能手機等高新技術的紛至沓來,就讓曾經普通人難以想像的事務,譬如全球通信變得現實且簡單了。目前在更為復雜的全球房地產投融資領域,也正在迎來一場走向簡單的變革。這得益於區塊鏈技術的崛起和智能合約的運用,並由ETB平台帶入了現實。

ETB希望,通過基於區塊鏈技術和智能合約運用的投資平台,將全球投資者和房地產項目鏈接起來,並在線直觀的呈現整個房地產項目的一切,從原材料、物流,施工到完工,再到經營和收益等等,讓房地產投資變得透明、易懂、可預測,通過ETB平台,任何投資者都可以投資任何國家的房地產項目,地產商也將可以更直接的面對投資者。

不妨回憶一下我們的日常網購生活:當我們相中某款商品時,都會先將費用支付給交易平台,諸如淘寶或者京東,然後等待商家發貨,在我們確認收到貨物之後,平台再將費用轉交給商家。在這個購物流程中,我們之所以能相信陌生的賣家,是因為我們別無選擇的只能相信交易平台,否則就無法交易。而基於區塊鏈技術就不必如此復雜了,比如在Eit平台,投資者和地產商只需要相信自己的判斷就可以直接互動,Eit需要做的,只是對投資者身份和房地產項目進行嚴格審核,並提供代幣保障平台交易的正常進行就可以了。

如果說昨天,區塊鏈技術的應用還僅限於銀行、證券、基金等少數金融領域,那麼現在,區塊鏈已經開始直接影響普通人的日常生活,ETB房地產投資分散型平台的出現,以及區塊鏈進入建築業,改變了我們對房地產投融資領域的傳統看法,信任與合作已經如此簡單。

比特幣社區作為比特幣技術的研發中心,同時擔負起了引導整個行業技術革新的使命,我們在不斷演進區塊鏈技術的過程中發現,整個行業出現了一些致命的問題!包括比特幣的區塊鏈技術!所以我們從2018年起開始對現在的區塊鏈技術進行革新和迭代,以下內容將詳細的闡述區塊鏈所遇到的問題以及Eit區塊鏈怎麼來解決這些問題,同時公布生命體區塊鏈核心演算法。

問題一:區塊鏈無法真正融入消費場景!

比特幣的長期願景就是對現有貨幣體系進行數字化對接,讓比特幣成為現實貨幣的數字化內核,但是不管是比特幣還是其他的區塊鏈技術都無法真正實現這個目標,至少到現在為止所有的區塊鏈都只具備一個屬性那就是投資屬性,出現這個問題的主要原因其實是技術上的幾個問題,第一,數字貨幣的交易時間,現存的區塊鏈交易技術是無法實現實時交易的,因為在設計之初為了安全和去中心化等問題,我們拋棄了大量時效性的方法。無法實時完成貨幣交割,這是最大的問題!

問題二:區塊遺失!

這個問題是個綜合的問題,部分區塊的遺失一般出現在幾種情況下:

1、賬戶標記遺失

2、礦機標記遺失

3、所有人無有效繼承

這個問題看似很小,但是對於區塊鏈的影響是致命的,因為經過不斷的遺失最終區塊的總量將會越來越少,所以對應的價值將會持續增高,增加的投機者的投資驅動力,對一個區塊鏈的健康長期的發展產生惡性循環,並且讓用戶對整個區塊鏈無法信任。

問題三:去中心化技術運營

比特幣社區就是為了去中心化的技術更新而存在的,但是我們其實無法把真正好的技術更新快速完成因為大部分的冷錢包和礦機要接受這一次迭代更新,技術更新才能完成,比特幣在設計上和公平性上都是沒問題的,但是其實我們忽略了一個重要的問題-延遲性!我們發現想要完成一個技術迭代現在看來幾乎是不可完成的,因為沒有人願意改變,可能這才是我們遇到的最大的問題吧!

Eit的房產網路區塊鏈將會輕松的解決以上問題!

解決方案一:時效消費場景交易

消費場景在Eit的設計中主要分為兩個層次-線上和線下,我們首先改變我們對錢包的認知,生命體的錢包首先是一個網路版本沒有冷錢包的設計,主要就是為了解決交易的時效性。

線上交易:每一個需要支付環節的線上應用都可以對接我們的錢包API,快速完成交易,貨幣交割時間1-3秒。

線下交易:線下支付我們將提供一個類似的API給到支付工具的設計廠商,通過快速開發包,完成線下支付工具的開發,交易時間同樣是1-3秒!

解決方案二:錢包綁定機制

首先我們在考慮一個問題-到底用戶的憑證是什麼?移動互聯網時代,手機就是用戶最時效和准確安全的憑證,我們的錢包設計基於對用戶手機的綁定,通過綁定手機環節不僅可以有效解決賬戶遺失問題,繼承問題同時有效解決!

解決方案三:去中心化的技術

這里為什麼叫技術運營呢!其實技術的更新就是對整個體系的運營,我們在Eit設計了一個投票機制所有的錢包根據一個權重體系完成投票環節,通過權重體系的認定快速強制性完成錢包和礦機算力的更新!

未來已來,希望Eit的引入能夠真正的革新整個區塊鏈行業!

Cloud - referred to as "ETB, Chinese bits of Cloud, to solve the problems now block chain technology, by the world's largest currency in mid-may 2017 miners union launched ETBproject team, lasted six months, ETBby top encryption technology on the basis of succeeding to the good features of the currency of existing problems in innovation, ETBencryption currency a circulation of 21 million pieces, ETBblock using linear algorithm for mining action now, but using bionic property network force inheritance pattern, forming a network of virtual currency property, us to identify each account as a ETB, apply every payment settlement to complete the final payment of housing endings simulation done immediately.

Technology is making great originally complex world becomes simple. No more long, only for decades, the high and new technology such as computer, Internet, smart phones, let ordinary people once unimaginable transactions, such as global communication become reality and simple. At present in the field of more complex global real estate investment and financing, is also usher in a change to the simple. Thanks to block the rise of chain technology and intelligent use of contract, and by the Eit platform into reality.

ETBhope, through technology and intelligent use of investment contract based on block chain platform, link to global investors and real estate projects, and online visual rendering the whole real estate projects, from raw materials, logistics, to the completion of construction, to operation and benefits, etc., let the real estate investment in a transparent and easy to understand, predictable, through the platform of ETB, any investors can invest in real estate projects of any country, developers will also can more directly in the face of investors.

May recall our daily online life: when we phase of a proct, all fees paid to first trading platform, such as taobao or jingdong, and then wait for the businessman shipment, after we confirm receive the goods, the platform to transfer the cost to merchants. In the shopping process, we can believe that the strange sellers, because we have no choice but can only believe that the trading platform, otherwise, cannot trade. And based on block chain technology is not so complicated, in Eit platform, for example, investors and developers only need to believe that your judgment can direct interaction, Eit need to do, just for investors to strict audit status and real estate projects, normal trading platform and provide tokens, guaranteed.

If yesterday, block chain technology application is limited to a few financial sectors such as banking, securities, fund, so now, block chain have begun to directly affect the daily life of ordinary people, the emergence of Eit dispersible in real estate investment platform, as well as the block chain into the construction instry, changed our ideas about traditional in the field of real estate investment and financing, trust and cooperation have been so easy.

As COINS COINS community technology research and development center, at the same time shoulder the mission of the guide the whole instry technology innovation, we are in the process of evolving block chain technology, found that some fatal problems the instry! Including the currency block chain technology! So we started since 2018 to now block chain technology innovation and iteration, the following will be detailed in this paper, the problems and ETB block by block chain chain how to deal with these problems, at the same time announced life block chain core algorithm.

Problem a: block chain can't really into consumption scene!

The currency's long-term vision is digitally docking to the existing monetary system, for the currency to become real currency digital kernel, but whether the currency or other block chain technology can really achieve this goal, at least so far all chain blocks only have an attribute that is investment property, the problem is the main reason of the technology on a few questions, first of all, digital currency trading time, the existing block chain trading technology is unable to realize real-time transaction, because at the beginning of the design for the sake of safety and decentralization, we abandoned the timeliness of the method. Unable to complete real-time delivery, money is the biggest problem!

Problem two: block is lost!

This problem is a comprehensive problem, missing some blocks generally appear in several cases:

1, accounts tag missing

2, mill tag missing

3, all without effective inheritance

This problem seems to be very small, but for the influence of block chain is deadly, because after constantly lost finally the amount of blocks will be less and less, so the corresponding value will continue to increase, increase investment speculators driving force, to the health of a block chain development create a vicious cycle for a long time, and let the user to the whole block chain cannot be trusted.

Question 3: decentralized technology operations

COINS community is to the existence of decentralized technology updates, but we really can't finish the really good technology updated quickly because most of the cold wallet and ore confidential to accept this time iterative update, update technology to complete, the currency on the design and fairness are no problem, but actually we ignored an important part of the problem - the delayed! We found that want to complete a technical iteration now is almost impossible, because no one is willing to change, perhaps this is the biggest problem we met!

ETB property chain network blocks will be easy to solve the above problem!

Solution a: aging consumption trading scene

Consumption scenarios in the design of ETB - online and offline mainly divided into two levels, the first thing we change our cognition to the wallet, purse is first and foremost a network version of the life not cold purse design, main is to solve the timing of the deal.

Online transactions: each link need to be paid for the online application can be docking API, our wallet quickly complete the transaction, currency delivery time 1 to 3 seconds.

Offline payment: offline payment, we will provide a similar API to pay the tool design manufacturers, through rapid development kit, complete offline payment tool development, trading time is also 1-3 seconds!

Solution 2: wallet binding mechanism

First of all we are thinking about a question - what is the end user's credentials? Mobile Internet era, the mobile phone is the most limitation and accurate user security credentials, our wallet design based on the binding of user's phone, through binding mobile phone link not only can effectively solve the problem of account lost, succession and effectively solve!

Solution 3: decentralized technology

Why call technology operations here! Technical update is actually on the system's operation, we have design a voting mechanism in Eit all wallet, according to a weight system to complete the voting link through the weighting system of fast is mandatory to complete the wallet and mining machine force update!

Future has come, in the hope that the introction of the Eit can truly the innovation of the whole block chain instry!

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